Justice Department Civil Rights Division

Justice Department Announces Resources to Assist State and Local Reform of Fine and Fee Practices

The Department of Justice today announced a package of resources to assist state and local efforts to reform harmful and unlawful practices in certain jurisdictions related to the assessment and enforcement of fines and fees.  The resources are meant to support the ongoing work of state judges, court administrators, policymakers and advocates in ensuring equal justice for all people, regardless of financial circumstance.

“The consequences of the criminalization of poverty are not only harmful – they are far-reaching,” said Attorney General Loretta E. Lynch.  “They not only affect an individual’s ability to support their family, but also contribute to an erosion of our faith in government.  One of my top priorities as Attorney General is to help repair community trust where it has frayed, and a key part of that effort includes ensuring that our legal system serves every American faithfully and fairly, regardless of their economic status.”

The package, which was sent to state chief justices and state court administrators throughout the country, includes the following elements:

• Dear Colleague Letter from the Civil Rights Division and the Office for Access to Justice to provide greater clarity to state and local courts regarding their legal obligations with respect to the enforcement of court fines and fees.  The letter addresses some of the most common practices that run afoul of the U.S. Constitution and/or other federal laws, such as incarcerating individuals for nonpayment without determining their ability to pay.  The letter also discusses the importance of due process protections such as notice and, in appropriate cases, the right to counsel; the need to avoid unconstitutional bail practices; and due process concerns raised by certain private probation arrangements.
• $2.5 million in competitive grants through the Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA) to state, local or tribal jurisdictions that, together with community partners, want to test strategies to restructure the assessment and enforcement of fines and fees.  The grant program, titled The Price of Justice: Rethinking the Consequences of Justice Fines and Fees, will provide four grants of $500,000 to agencies and their collaborative partners to develop strategies that promote appropriate justice system responses, including reducing unnecessary confinement, for individuals who are unable to pay fines and fees.  BJA will award an additional grant of $500,000 to a technical assistance provider.  The deadline was March 28, 2016.
• Support for the National Task Force on Fines, Fees and Bail Practices, which is led by the Conference of Chief Justices and the Conference of State Court Administrators.  The task force is being funded by BJA and is also supported by the State Justice Institute.  It is comprised of leaders from the judiciary, state and local government, the advocacy community and the academy.  The task force will draft model statutes, court rules and procedures, and will develop an online clearinghouse of best practices.  Department officials will also serve as ex officio members of the task force.
• Resource Guide that assembles issue studies and other publications related to the assessment and enforcement of court fines and fees.  The resource guide, compiled by the Office of Justice Programs Diagnostic Center, helps leaders make informed policy decisions and pursue sound strategies at the state, local and tribal levels.

Today’s announcement follows a seminal two-day convening [external link] held by the Justice Department and the White House in Washington, D.C., on Dec. 2 and 3, 2015.  Judges, court administrators, researchers, advocates, prosecutors, defense attorneys and impacted individuals came together to discuss challenges surrounding fines and fees.  The convening made plain the existence of unlawful and harmful practices in some jurisdictions and highlighted a number of promising reform efforts already underway.  At the meeting, participants and department officials also discussed ways in which the Justice Department could assist courts in their efforts to make needed changes.  Participants specifically asked the department to provide legal guidance to state and local actors; to highlight and help develop model practices; and to provide resources for local reform efforts.

The Justice Department is committed to reforming justice-system practices that perpetuate poverty and result in unnecessary deprivations of liberty.  The department discussed many of these practices in its March 2015 report on the investigation of the Ferguson, Missouri, police department and municipal court.  As discussed at the December 2015 convening, however, these practices can be found throughout the nation.  And their effects are particularly severe for the most vulnerable members of our communities, often with a disproportionate impact on racial minorities.  The resources released today are aimed at reforming these practices and mitigating their harmful effects.

From the U.S. Justice Department in March 2016